# If-Then-Else statements inside forA loop in DAML

**URL:** <https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740>\
**Category:** App Development\
**Tags:** daml\
**Created:** [June 22, 2021, 7:18am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740 "2021-06-22T07:18:39Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 20\
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Pris17](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/pris17/32/2078_2.png) [@Pris17](https://forum.canton.network/u/Pris17)\
**Post date:** [June 22, 2021, 7:18am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/1 "2021-06-22T07:18:39Z")

</div>

Hi, Sorry for Newbie question, but how do I write a if-then-else in forA loop in DAML.  
Also, if block returns a set of variables and else returns a set of variables. Only after I finish this if else and the forA and get all the variables, I should be able to create a contract by passing all these variables.  
P.S. if-then-else is inside forA loop.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![victor.pr.mueller](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/victor.pr.mueller/32/2083_2.png) [@victor.pr.mueller](https://forum.canton.network/u/victor.pr.mueller)\
**Post date:** [June 22, 2021, 7:53am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/2 "2021-06-22T07:53:08Z")

</div>

Hi @Pris17,

I’m not exactly sure what the problem is here, as you can write the code as usual within the forA loop block:

```haskell
forA [alice, bob, charlie] $ \p ->
   if isCoolParty p then
      // do something
      pure ()
  else
      // do something
      pure ()

```

This would return an `Update [()]`.

EDIT:  
If you’re unsure how to use a feature I recommend the [cheatsheet](https://docs.daml.com/cheat-sheet/)

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Pris17](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/pris17/32/2078_2.png) [@Pris17](https://forum.canton.network/u/Pris17)\
**Post date:** [June 22, 2021, 12:09pm UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/3 "2021-06-22T12:09:06Z")

</div>

Thanks @victor.pr.mueller . My code looks like.

```haskell
controller PartyA can
      nonconsuming CreateContractA : ContractId ContractA
        with
          otherParties : [Party]

        do
          mcID <- lookupByKey @ContractA (PartyA, id)
          case (mcID) of
            Some mcId -> return mcId 
            None -> 
              do  
               do forA otherParties (\dv -> 
                    do
                      (cID, dvContract) <- fetchByKey @ContractB (dv, id)

                      if (show dv == "PartyC") then do
                        
						let a = dvContract.abc
							b = dvContract.def
							
                      else if (show dv == "PartyD") then do
                        let c = devSecCon.ghi
                            d = devSecCon.jkl
                )
         
				create ContractA with a= a; b= b; c= c; d= d; ..

```

But this throws error. “parse error (possibly incorrect indentation or mismatched brackets)parser”…Can you help me indent this code and also rectify the other mistakes

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Pris17](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/pris17/32/2078_2.png) [@Pris17](https://forum.canton.network/u/Pris17)\
**Post date:** [June 22, 2021, 12:13pm UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/4 "2021-06-22T12:13:43Z")

</div>

@bernhard Can you please help me fix the above code?

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![bernhard](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/bernhard/32/356_2.png) [@bernhard](https://forum.canton.network/u/bernhard)\
**Post date:** [June 22, 2021, 12:19pm UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/5 "2021-06-22T12:19:43Z")

</div>

The indentation of `if..then..else` should be

```haskell
if condition
  then do
    something
  else do
    something_else

```

You currently have the `if` and `else` at the same level of indentation. So see whether indenting these three lines does the trick:

```haskell
                      else if (show dv == "PartyD") then do
                        let c = devSecCon.ghi
                            d = devSecCon.jkl

```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![victor.pr.mueller](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/victor.pr.mueller/32/2083_2.png) [@victor.pr.mueller](https://forum.canton.network/u/victor.pr.mueller)\
**Post date:** [June 22, 2021, 12:26pm UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/6 "2021-06-22T12:26:07Z")

</div>

Both versions of indentation are fine to use so far I see (tested locally).

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![bernhard](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/bernhard/32/356_2.png) [@bernhard](https://forum.canton.network/u/bernhard)\
**Post date:** [June 22, 2021, 12:35pm UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/7 "2021-06-22T12:35:50Z")

</div>

Ok, I was shooting from the hip. There are actually a number of issues here including `if..then` without `else` and `do` blocks that contain only `let` bindings.

Before I can help you fix this, I need to understand what you are trying to do. You have this line ` create ContractA with a= a; b= b; c= c; d= d; ..`, which means you need to define values `a, b, c, and d`. But you are trying to define them conditionally, which means that depending on `show dv`, these values are not being defined.

Could you explain in pseudo-code or words, what logic you are trying to express?

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![victor.pr.mueller](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/victor.pr.mueller/32/2083_2.png) [@victor.pr.mueller](https://forum.canton.network/u/victor.pr.mueller)\
**Post date:** [June 22, 2021, 12:36pm UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/8 "2021-06-22T12:36:11Z")

</div>

So far I see from your code you need to do things differently. You cannot use bindings which have been declared in a scope which is not reachable within the current scope. For this case this means that the declarations within the lambda of the `forA otherParties` statement are not available outside of it.  
Besides this, your contract creation currently requires that at two specific parties exist but your party list doesn’t seem like it has constraints which gurantee that these parties will exist in the list (neither does your code check beforehand).

Furthermore, if you’re matching on the party names I suggest that you

1. Use pattern matching instead of `if-else` statements
2. Use `partyToText` for converting a party to a String/Text

Pattern matching can be used as follows:

```haskell
case partyToText dv of
  "PartyC" -> ...
  "PartyD" -> ...
  _ -> ... -- handle the case that the party name is none of the above

```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Stephen](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/stephen/32/102_2.png) [@Stephen](https://forum.canton.network/u/Stephen)\
**Post date:** [June 22, 2021, 6:27pm UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/9 "2021-06-22T18:27:23Z")

</div>

> [@Pris17](#):
>
> Only after I finish this if else and the forA and get all the variables, I should be able to create a contract by passing all these variables.

There are ways to deal with this, but I think `forA` should not be used at all in this situation.

> [@victor.pr.mueller](#):
>
> You cannot use bindings which have been declared in a scope which is not reachable within the current scope.

The way that some languages think of variables is _dynamically assigned_. That is, your `create ContractA` line depends on the preceding `let` syntax having updated this sort of invisible map whose keys are variable names and whose values are the values of those variables. Suppose that the loop never encountered cases that match the `if` conditions, and therefore never assigned `a`, `b`, `c`, or `d`? Such languages just hope for the best and (ideally, but probably don’t) prepare for the worst.

Daml treats variables as _statically bound_, though. If you are permitted to use a variable `a` of type `T`, _every_ reference to that variable will _absolutely_ succeed by yielding a value of type `T`. You cannot write code that _hopefully_ binds some variables; either the code is guaranteed to bind the variable, or is guaranteed to _not_ bind the variable.

There are ways to arrange things in your code such that `a`, `b`, `c`, `d` values (not the variables) “get out” of the `forA`. But this is needlessly complex for your specific use case, with all sorts of extra failure cases and states to handle. Instead, here is how I would arrange things, and it can all be done in the single `do` block established for your `None` case:

1. Use `partyFromText "PartyC"`, invoking `fromSomeNote` on that to get a `Party`-typed value for `"PartyC"`. Bind it to local variable `partyC`.
2. (Optionally) assert that `elem partyC otherParties`. Since the apparent intention of your code is to abort transaction if any of the parties you need aren’t present in `otherParties`, doing this will preserve that intention, but maybe you didn’t really mean that.
3. Use `fetchByKey` just as you currently do to get the `dvContract`.
4. Bind your `abc`, `def` fields from that contract to `a` and `b`, using `let` just as you do now.
5. Repeat steps 1-4 for every other party for which you need to fetch a contract and extract values to local variables.
6. At the end of the `do`, your `create ContractA` will have every variable you need in scope, and guaranteed to be present if you have gotten this far.

To call out specifically which things are not used at all in this approach:

1. there is no `forA`
2. there is no `if` (though we do use `elem` and `assert`, if that is your intention)
3. there is no nested `do`

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Pris17](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/pris17/32/2078_2.png) [@Pris17](https://forum.canton.network/u/Pris17)\
**Post date:** [June 23, 2021, 5:56am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/10 "2021-06-23T05:56:21Z")

</div>

Hi, @Stephen If I understood correctly, below is the updated code as per your approach. I still get errors in this code. Let me know if I have missed something.

```haskell
controller PartyA can
      nonconsuming CreateContractA : ContractId ContractA
        with
          otherParties : [Party]

        do
          mcID <- lookupByKey @ContractA (PartyA, id)
          case (mcID) of
            Some mcId -> return mcId 
            None ->   
              do forA otherParties $ \dv ->                     
                    case partyToText dv of
                      "DV1" -> 
                          do
                            (cID1, dvSecCon1) <- fetchByKey @ContractB (dv, id)
                            let a = dvSecCon1.abc
                                  b = dvSecCon1.def
                      "DV2" ->
                          do 
                            (cID2, dvSecCon2) <- fetchByKey @ContractB (dv, id)
                            let c = dvSecCon2.ghi
                                 d = dvSecCon2.jkl
                          
                          
            create ContractA with a=a; b=b; c=c; d=d; ..

```

It throws an error on the last Create ContractA line. The error is

> Parse error in pattern: createparser

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![cocreature](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/cocreature/32/36_2.png) [@cocreature](https://forum.canton.network/u/cocreature)\
**Post date:** [June 23, 2021, 6:29am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/11 "2021-06-23T06:29:26Z")

</div>

Hi @Pris17, the error mentions `createparser` which isn’t part of the code snippet you showed so it looks like it comes from a different piece of code. Would it be possible to share your full code or a minimized version of that?

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Gary\_Verhaegen](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/gary_verhaegen/32/81_2.png) [@Gary\_Verhaegen](https://forum.canton.network/u/Gary_Verhaegen)\
**Post date:** [June 23, 2021, 11:31am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/12 "2021-06-23T11:31:51Z")

</div>

Hi @Pris17,

First off, for better or worse, the Daml language is “whitespace-sensitive”, which in this case means that indentation is used to delimit blocks of code. Lines of code that are supposed to be part of the same block _must_ start at the same offset (i.e. be preceded by the same number of spaces), and nested blocks _must_ be indented _more_ than their enclosing block.

So, for example:

```haskell
  let c = 1
      d = 2

```

is valid, but

```haskell
  let c = 1
       d = 2

```

is not because `c` and `d` need to be aligned.

Another example:

```haskell
  let i = case mi of
       None -> 0
       Some x -> x

```

is valid, but

```haskell
  let i = case mi of
      None -> 0
      Some x -> x

```

would not be, because the `None` and `Some` lines are supposed to start nested blocks and thus need to be indented _more_ than the `i`.

Daml does not have _variables_; what it does have is _bindings_. A binding is a way for an enclosing block to define a shorthand name _to be used in a nested block_. Bindings can never escape their enclosing block.

The one exception to this is `do` notation, which is special in that it allows one to define bindings within the current block, to be used at any point _after_ their definition (but still only within the current block, i.e. anything as indented or more indented than the line on which the binding is introduced).

Constructs that introduce new bindings also introduce nested blocks where those bindings are defined. For example, the `let ... in` construct:

```haskell
fib : Int -> Int
fib n = case n of
  0 -> 0
  1 -> 1
  n -> if n < 0
       then 0
       else let n1 = fib (n - 1)
            in let n2 = fib (n - 2)
               in n1 + n2

```

defines a binding that can only get used in the block introduced by `in`. In a way, you can imagine that you have parentheses (and this is in fact valid Daml) like so:

```haskell
fib : Int -> Int
fib n = case n of
  0 -> 0
  1 -> 1
  n -> if n < 0
       then 0
       else (let n1 = fib (n - 1)
             in (let n2 = fib (n - 2)
                 in (n1 + n2)))

```

and that the binding defined by `let` is only available within the set of parentheses that being immediately after `in`.

So, in your code sample:

```haskell
               do forA otherParties (\dv -> 
                    do
                      (cID, dvContract) <- fetchByKey @ContractB (dv, id)
                      -- From here on out, cID and dvContract exist,
                      -- until the close paren of the enclosing do
                      if (show dv == "PartyC") then do
                        
						let a = dvContract.abc
                            -- From here on out, a exists
							b = dvContract.def
                            -- From here on out, b exists
                            -- a and b no longer exist after this line
                      else if (show dv == "PartyD") then do
                        let c = devSecCon.ghi
                            -- From here on out, c exists
                            d = devSecCon.jkl
                            -- From here on out, d exists
                            -- c and d no longer exist after this line
                ) -- cID and dvContract no longer exist
                -- none of cID, dvContract, a, b, c, or d exist here
				create ContractA with a= a; b= b; c= c; d= d; ..

```

Hope this helps.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Pris17](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/pris17/32/2078_2.png) [@Pris17](https://forum.canton.network/u/Pris17)\
**Post date:** [June 23, 2021, 11:37am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/13 "2021-06-23T11:37:55Z")

</div>

Hi @Gary_Verhaegen Thanks for your help. But if I want to access a,b,c,d outside the forA loop for contract creation. How can do it? How can I access those a,b,c,d values outside which are assigned inside forA and if-else?

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Gary\_Verhaegen](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/gary_verhaegen/32/81_2.png) [@Gary\_Verhaegen](https://forum.canton.network/u/Gary_Verhaegen)\
**Post date:** [June 23, 2021, 11:56am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/14 "2021-06-23T11:56:39Z")

</div>

You cannot access a _binding_ outside of its defined scope. What you can do is return the _value_ and give it a new binding. For example:

```haskell
module Main where

import Daml.Script

even : Int -> Bool
even n = n % 2 == 0

odd : Int -> Bool
odd = not . even

setup : Script ()
setup = script do
  let ls = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  let (evens, odds) = let evens = filter even ls
                      in let odds = filter odd ls
                         in (evens, odds)
  debug (evens, odds)

```

This may be confusing to humans, as the names `odds` and `evens` are reused. It is not confusing to Daml because they are used in separate, non-overlapping scopes. In other words, the above is exactly equivalent to:

```haskell
module Main where

import Daml.Script

even : Int -> Bool
even n = n / 2 == 0

odd : Int -> Bool
odd = not . even

setup : Script ()
setup = script do
  let ls = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  let (evens, odds) = let a = filter even ls
                      in let b = filter odd ls
                         in (a, b)
  debug (evens, odds)

```

In slightly more details:

- `a` gets bound to the value `[2, 4]`
- `b` gets bound to the value `[1, 3, 5]`
- The final return value of the `let a = ... in (a, b)` line is `([2, 4], [1, 3, 5])`, and _that_ gets bound to `(evens, odds)`, which means that, within the body of the `do`, starting just _after_ the `let (evens, odds) = ...` line, `evens` is bound to the value `[2, 4]` while `odds` is bound to the value `[1, 3, 5]`.

Now, what does that mean in your case? Quite frankly, I don’t know. The problem you have is that the `forA` operation will execute the given function _for each element_, which means that values of `a` and `b`, or `c` and `d`, will exist for each element in the list. If you start with a list of 5 elements, maybe you will end up with four times `a` and `b` and one time `c` and `d`. What do you want to return in that case? There isn’t really an immediately obvious definition for

> those a,b,c,d values

There is an additional constraint that the Daml language enforces: when you have an `if-then-else` construct, both branches **have to** return the same _type_ of value. So in order to return anything from the nested function (starting with `\dv -> do`), you’ll need to decide on a type both can return. I can’t tell you what that type could be as I don’t know what the types of `abc`, `def`, `ghi` and `jkl` are. And then you still have to deal with the fact that you’ll end up with a _list_ of those.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Pris17](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/pris17/32/2078_2.png) [@Pris17](https://forum.canton.network/u/Pris17)\
**Post date:** [June 24, 2021, 6:02am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/15 "2021-06-24T06:02:32Z")

</div>

Thanks @Gary_Verhaegen . I will try this out. Also, if I have to use string in case statement, how does that work?  
So for e.g.:  
I have already fetch contract by fetchByKey. devSecCon is the contract object.

```haskell
case partyToText dv of
                    "DV1" -> 
                      let a = dvSecCon.abc
                    "DV2" ->
                      let b = dvSecCon.def
                    None -> abort "No valid DV"

```

Will this code work?

@bernhard Can you also take a look at it?

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![bernhard](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/bernhard/32/356_2.png) [@bernhard](https://forum.canton.network/u/bernhard)\
**Post date:** [June 24, 2021, 8:56am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/16 "2021-06-24T08:56:44Z")

</div>

You can match on strings like that, yes. But your use of `case` and `let` won’t work. `if...` and `case...` statements in Daml are expressions - they take values. They are not like `if...` or `switch` in Java.

Where in Java you’d write

```haskell
SomeType a = null;
SomeType b = null;

switch (partyToText(dv)) {
  case "DV1":
    a = dvSecCon.abc;
    break;
  case "DV2":
    b = dvSecCon.def;
    break;
  default:
    throw new RuntimeException("No valid DV")
}

```

in Daml you’d write

```haskell
let (a, b) = case partyToText dv of
  "DV1" -> (Some dvSecCon.abc, None)
  "DV2" -> (None, Some dvSecCon.def)
  _ -> error "No valid DV"

```

Each branch of the case statement needs to return the same type, which in this case is `(Optional SomeType, Optional SomeType)`.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Gary\_Verhaegen](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/gary_verhaegen/32/81_2.png) [@Gary\_Verhaegen](https://forum.canton.network/u/Gary_Verhaegen)\
**Post date:** [June 24, 2021, 9:58am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/17 "2021-06-24T09:58:19Z")

</div>

> [@bernhard](#):
>
> Each branch of the case statement needs to return the same type

I would add that all _patterns_ in a case statement also need to be of the same type. In your example:

```haskell
case partyToText dv of
                    "DV1" -> 
                      let a = dvSecCon.abc
                    "DV2" ->
                      let b = dvSecCon.def
                    None -> abort "No valid DV"

```

`"DV1"` and `"DV2"` are of type `Text`, while `None` is of type `Optional a`. All of the patterns must be of the same type, and of the same type as the expression in-between `case` and `of`. In this case `partyToText` returns a `Text` so you cannot try to match it with `None`. In other words, the language guarantees you will have a `Text` value.

What you do probably need is a fallback case for instances where the party is neither `"DV1"` nor `"DV2"`. Such a fallback case is usually represented by binding the name `_`, like @bernhard did in his last code snippet.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Pris17](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/pris17/32/2078_2.png) [@Pris17](https://forum.canton.network/u/Pris17)\
**Post date:** [June 24, 2021, 11:07am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/18 "2021-06-24T11:07:41Z")

</div>

Thanks @bernhard and @Gary_Verhaegen for your reply.

From my understanding, I modified my case statement snippet to below:

```haskell
          do
               (DVData1, DVData2) <- forA parties (\dv ->  
                  do
                    (cID, dvSecCon) <- fetchByKey @ContractA (dv, id)
                  
                    case partyToText dv of
                      "DV1" -> 
                        let 
                          data1 = RD 
                            with
                              a = devSecCon.abc
                              b = dvSecCon.def
                          return (data1)

                      "DV2" ->
                        let 
                          data2 = RD 
                            with
                              a = devSecCon.abc
                              b = dvSecCon.def
                          return (data2)

                      _ -> error "No valid DV"
                )
              create ContractB with data1= DVData1; data2 = DVData2; .. 

```

I am getting error on DV2 inside case statement. Error is:

> parse error (possibly incorrect indentation or mismatched brackets)parser

I have indented the original code properly though here there might be some issues with spaces.

@bernhard and @Gary_Verhaegen can you please help me find out what’s going wrong here?

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![cocreature](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/cocreature/32/36_2.png) [@cocreature](https://forum.canton.network/u/cocreature)\
**Post date:** [June 24, 2021, 11:09am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/19 "2021-06-24T11:09:37Z")

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@Pris17 can you please share the full error message and ideally a standalone example if possible so we can reproduce this?

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**Author:** ![Pris17](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex034/user_avatar/forum.canton.network/pris17/32/2078_2.png) [@Pris17](https://forum.canton.network/u/Pris17)\
**Post date:** [June 24, 2021, 11:10am UTC](https://forum.canton.network/t/if-then-else-statements-inside-fora-loop-in-daml/2740/20 "2021-06-24T11:10:56Z")

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@cocreature I have pasted full error here. This is what I see when I hover over red line in VSCode. Where can find more details on error?

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